ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 164 genotypes of Manihot esculenta from the South-Central mesoregion of the State of Mato Grosso. The genotypes are from projects conducted by the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres-Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), and the Brazilian Public Agricultural Research Corporation - Agrosilvopastoral (EMBRAPA). The agronomic descriptors evaluated were plant height, height of first branching, branching levels, weight of the aerial part of the plant, total weight of the plant, number of roots per plant, average weight of roots per plant, yield of commercial roots, yield of non-commercial roots, number of rotten roots per plant and harvest index. For the analysis of genetic divergence, multivariate analysis based on the standardized Euclidean mean distance was employed, later performing the Hierarchical UPGMA and Tocher Optimization agglomerative methods. The degree of preservation of the genetic distances in the dendrogram was verified using the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The Singh criterion was used to quantify the relative contribution of characteristics to genetic divergence. The genotypes presented genetic dissimilarity for the evaluated characteristics and based on the results of the dissimilarity matrix and groupings, it is recommended the crossings between the genotypes allocated in group II with the genotype allocated in group V, for the development of segregated populations with high genetic variability.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Manihot , Plant BreedingABSTRACT
A deficiência hídrica do solo por ocasião do plantio e associação de patógenos com sementes podem ocasionar a diminuição da germinação e vigor de um lote de sementes, levando à redução do estande e introdução de doenças no campo. Nesse trabalho utilizou-se sementes de algodoeiro cultivar Deltapine Acala 90 (suscetível a ramulose) e linhagem IAC 2226 (resistente a ramulose) para avaliar o desempenho das sementes mediante condições de deficiência hídrica (manitol,-0,8MPa), e presença de Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides. Após a submissão a dificiência hídrica em substrato agarizado na presença e ausência do fungo, pelos períodos de 0, 24, 36 72 e 108 horas, foram avaliados: emergência de plantas, índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), peso de matéria seca de parte aérea, sanidade e índice de doença. Verificou-se que com o aumento do tempo de deficiência hídrica na presença e ausência do patógeno a emergência, vigor e matéria seca de parte aérea de ambos os genótipos diminuiu, sendo mais acentuado na presença do fungo. Observou-se aumento na incidência de C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides à medida que se aumentou o período de deficiência hídrica. O índice de doença na cultivar suscetível foi de aproximadamente 40% no maior período de restrição hídrica, enquanto no material resistente o índice manteve-se praticamente constante em 12% durante todo o período de restrição hídrica.
Water deficit soil at planting and association with seed pathogens can cause a decrease in germination and vigor of a seed, leading to a reduction of the stand and the introduction of diseases in the field. In this work we used seeds of cotton cultivar Deltapine Acala 90 (susceptible to ramulosis) and IAC 2226 strain (resistant to ramulosis) to evaluate the performance of seeds under conditions of water stress (manitol, -0.8 MPa) and presence of Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides. After submitting to water stress in agar substrate in the presence and absence of the fungus, for periods of 0, 24, 36, 72 and 108 hours, were sown evaluated: plant emergence, speed of emergence index , dry weight of aerial part, health and disease index. It was found that with increasing time of water stress in the presence and absence of the pathogen emergence, vigor and dry weight of aerial part of both genotypes decreased, being more pronounced in the presence of the fungus. There was an increase in the incidence of C. gossypii var. cephalosporioides as it increased the amount of water restriction. The rate of disease in susceptible cultivar was approximately 40% higher in the period of water restriction, while the resistant strains index remained almost constant at 12% throughout the period of water restriction.